Linux command line - Change keyboard layout from English UK to English US

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This seems to have changed in recent Ubuntu versions and running sudo apt-get install console-common will try to remove other packages. So, for recent Ubuntu versions, use this instead:
dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
The simplest way would indeed be as @steeldriver suggested to open a terminal and run this command:
sudo apt-get install console-common
That will install the console-common package and in the process allow you to chose your console layout. If that is already installed, use this to bring up the same wizard and set the layout:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data

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